First APUSH questions

BEGINNINGS TO A CONSTITUTISION





3) In what three ways did the Seven Years’ War directly affect the colonists’ growing discontent toward the British?

Britain had made allies with Native Americans and the colonists felt strangled with war from Britain and NA.

They were losing potential land, as well.

Financial Debut caused much of the discontent with British because colonists could not afford a war.

.

4. How did the Sugar Act differ from the preceding Navigation Acts?

The Navigation Acts were first passed in 1650 by the Parliament to eliminate or lessen the colonist’s trade with other foreign countries. All commerce flowing to and from the colonies could be transported only by British vessels. European goods destined for America first had to land in Britain to be taxed, and certain products such as tobacco could only be sold to Britain. All this didn’t affect America much at first because it was loosely enforced but the Sugar Act was not. The Sugar Act, secured from Parliament by the Prime Minister, George Grenville, was the first law to be passed to raise tax revenues in the colonies for the crown. It increased the duty on foreign sugar imported from the West Indies. It was different from the preceding Navigation Acts because unlike the previous ones, the Sugar Act was enforced strictly so it had more impact on the colonist and the colonists were also more against it. They protested more violently against it.

Pg. 123-125

5. How did colonial protest evolve? What steps were initially ineffective and what later steps proved successful? (4)
Types of Protests
a) Speeches – James Otix/Patrick Henry
b) Harassment – burning governors homes/tar and feathering tax collectors
c) Boycotts – refuse to buy British goods
d) Committees of Correspondence – method of colonies talking
e) Propaganda/Pamphlets – Common Sense – Thomas Pain
-Protests related to the public
-Persuaded the public’s mind

8) Why could many colonists rightly claim that the conflict was primarily a Boston issue?

Because Boston was the central port of all that happened. Most of the events in history took place in Britain, as well as many of the meetings to decide the American’s fates. Boston was also a major port in which much of business was done so much of the business decisions were made there too. Mostly a lot of high powered, and notable people were Bostonian, and they had a bigger influence in the fact that they made decisions that colonists didn’t like. In addition, Boston is where the decisions were made.



9. What were the three main results of the First Continental Congress?

In respond to the Intolerable Acts, the First Continental Congress was summoned in 1774 and twelve of the thirteen colonies met in Philadelphia to consider ways to readdress the problem. The main results of the First Continental Congress was that they came up with several dignified papers like the Declaration of Rights, they created The Association which called for a complete boycott of British goods, and it led to the result of the Lexington Massacre when British commander in Boston sent troops to Lexington and Concord. Pg 133-134

10. What was the significance of the “shot heard ‘round the world’”?
-April 1775, tensions were high in the Colonies
-The 13 colonies began to raise armies to defend themselves against the possibility of war with Great Britain.
-Boston Tea Party
-Great Britain closed the Boston Harbor
-Governor of Massachusetts sent troops to Boston to take weapons and ammunition (ordered by officials in Great Britain)
-Colonists formed a group of soldiers, known as minutemen
-Minutemen were ordered to stand against the British troops.
-As the two armies faced each other, someone fired a shot, but who shot it? Nobody knows.
-Didn’t know which side it came from, this became the shot heard around the world.

http://www.kidspast.com/world-history/0363-the-shot-heard-around-the-world.php





13) What factors contributed to America being able to win the Revolutionary War?

Support from allies such as France

Britain could no longer afford war.

America was gaining the likelihood of winning the war.



14. What were the faults and the strengths of the Articles of Confederation?

Faults:

· There was no executive branch, disorganized.

· Each state had a single vote so both large populated states and small states had the same amount of chance of voicing their opinion.

· Laws needed approval by nine of the thirteenth states, it gave the states more power then government.

· Congress did not have the power to tax citizens. It could only request tax money from states.

· Congress did not have the power to draft an army. It could only request states to sent men for military services.

· No national court system, each state had its own court system.

· Any amendments to the Articles must be approved by all 13 states, hard to change.

· Congress did not have the power to collect state debts owed to the federal government

· Congress did not have the power to settle disputes among states.

Strengths:

· It linked up the thirteen independent states to deal against common problems

· It was the stepping stone for the Constitution.

· Clearly outlined the general powers that were to be exercised by the central government, such as making treaties and establishing a postal service.

· It gave states more power than the government.

Pg 172-173

·



15. What were the main events of the Critical Era? (5)
-State Constitutions
-Continental Congress
-Articles of Confederation – failures
-Articles of Confederation – successes
-Shay’s Rebellion

WASHINGTON TO JACKSON

1) What were seven precedents established by Washington during his presidency?

2 term presidency

neutrality of foreign affairs

force to enforce the alw

calling cabinet to offer advice

inauguration + speech

role of president





2. How did Hamilton’s economic policies differ from those of Jefferson?

Hamilton’s economic policies:

· Federalist, believed in strong government

· Believed in industrial economy

· Government sponsored national bank

· Believed that well educated business leaders are responsible for making economic decision

Jefferson’s economic policies:

· Republican, believed that power rest in people

· Unlike Hamilton, he is against the idea of national bank

· He believed that states have the right to have bank, not the government





3. To what extent did the French Revolution cause dissension in America? (198)
The earlier battles of the French Revolution had not hurt America directly, but now Britain was sucked into the contagious conflict. The conflagration speedily spread to the New World, where it vividly affected the expanding young American Republic. Thus was repeated the familiar story of every major European war, beginning with 1689, that involved a watery duel for control of the Atlantic Ocean.

6) What failed strategies were used to avoid war with Britain? What eventually led to the War of 1812.

Colonists started to lose mass amounts of supply’s as well as land . Attacks on seas and other goods. America was loosing land they potentially had for making new settlements. But eventually they were not able to withstand Britain’s army and were forced to war with Britain.

7. What were the positive and negative consequences of the War of 1812?

Positives:

· War of 1812 won a new respect for America from other nations

· War heroes emerged, Andrew Jackson and William Henry Harrison.

· It made America more independence

· Manufacturing and industries prospered in America and US became less depended on European countries

· The war heightened nationalism

· Brought US to the Era of Good Feeling

Negatives:

· 6,000 American killed or wounded.

· Sectionalism, now identified with discredited New England Federalists, was dealt a black eye.

· Indians after left in the lurch by their British friends at Ghent, they were forced to make a series of treaties and to relinquish vast areas of forested land north of the Ohio River.

Pg 239-240

8. What four factors led to increased national growth during the first two decades of the 19th century? (17)
1. Natural Resources—coal, oil, iron
2. Immigration—steady flow both Asia and Europe
3. Capitalist mentality supported by laissez faire government
4. Ingenuity – 440,000 patents in 1800s – inventions – Edison’s invention factory

11) What was the relation between expansion and slavery. What attempts were made to postpone conflict.
With more expansion of land to make profits of any sort. Colonists wanted people to do the job for them, therefore they used more and more slaves to do the hard work while they rested. Abolishment of Slavery (act)- Slavery Abolishment Act)

12. Prior to the 1804 election what problem kept plaguing the presidential election?

Jefferson was triumphantly reelected in 1804, with 162 electoral votes to only 14 votes for his Federalist opponent. But the laurels of Jefferson’s first administration soon withered under the blasts of the new storm that broke in Europe. After unloading Louisiana in 1803, Napoleon deliberately provoked a renewal of his war with Britain – an awesome conflict that raged on for 11 long years.

Pg 225

13. How did Jefferson’s interpretation of the role of Vice-President differ significantly from that of Adams’s and that used today? (Chapter 11)
-Jefferson had to rely on his personal charm because his party was so weak-jointed.
-Jefferson was forced to reverse many of the political principles he had so vigorously championed.
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16) What actions taken by Andrew Jackson directly contrasted with those taken by Jefferson.

Jackson used different men in the government that Jefferson didn’t like

Their political views were a direct result of America’s future.

Jackson was not a believer that colonists were ones to run the government, and made laws that went against colonists being the government.

Monopoly of the government

17. What motivated Jackson’s economic choices? What were the consequences of these choices?

Andrew Jackson passed the Tariff of Abominations to protect American industry against competition from European manufactured goods but they also drove up prices for all Americans. The South was extremely against it because they see it unfair that it works in favor of the North. The South had to pay high tariff for the goods that they have to purchase in the American market while they sell their products to other without the tariff at the world markets. The consequences were that it led to South Carolina’s Nullification Ordinance in which the state claims their right and refused to follow the tariff and threatens to leave US. It almost led to war but it ended in a compromised.

18. What was the primary consequence of Nat Turner’s Rebellion? (7) (367)
1831 slave uprising killed 60 whites – led to stricter fugitive slave laws – united South
Free Blacks had their rights taken away from them
Proslavery whites responded by launching a massive defense of slavery as a positive good.